Calculator Basics

    Calculator Basics · Methodology

    Affordability Calculator

    Reverse 28/36 rule: annual income and monthly debts constrain maximum home price via binary search on PITI.

    Methodology documentation · CalculatorBasics.com · Last updated 2026-08-24

    Last verified: 2026-08-24

    Affordability Calculator (28/36 Rule)

    Overview

    Reverse affordability calculator at /affordability-calculator and /affordability-calculator/[loanType]/*. Accepts annual income and monthly debts, applies the 28/36 rule, and returns the maximum affordable home price (not a forward price → payment calc).

    Formula

    28/36 caps:

    grossMonthly = annualIncome / 12
    frontEndCap = grossMonthly × 0.28
    backEndCap = grossMonthly × 0.36 − monthlyDebts
    maxMonthlyPITI = min(frontEndCap, backEndCap)
    

    Max home price: binary search on homePrice until monthlyPITI(homePrice) ≤ maxMonthlyPITI.

    PITI components per candidate price use the same formulas as the mortgage calculator (P&I amortization, property tax at configurable rate, insurance at 0.35%/yr, PMI at 0.5%/yr when down < 20%).

    Source: src/lib/affordability-calculator-math.ts

    Inputs

    Input Default Notes
    Annual gross income $90,000
    Monthly debts (non-housing) $500 Car, student loans, credit cards
    Down payment % 20% Overridable per loan-type page
    Loan term 30 years
    Interest rate 6.5% Loan-type pages use typical_rate
    Property tax rate 1.10% % of home value; state pages may override

    Calculation steps

    1. Compute front-end (28%) and back-end (36%) monthly caps.
    2. Take the lower cap as maxMonthlyPITI; record which ratio limits (28% or 36%).
    3. Binary-search home prices until PITI fits within cap.
    4. Derive down payment, loan amount, and PITI breakdown at max price.

    Outputs

    Output Description
    Maximum home price Primary result
    Est. monthly PITI At max price
    Down payment / loan amount Derived from max price
    28% / 36% caps Shown for transparency
    Limiting ratio Which rule bound the result

    Assumptions

    • Fixed-rate conventional-style PITI model (same PMI/tax/insurance simplifications as mortgage calculator).
    • Does not include HOA, closing costs, or maintenance.
    • Property tax entered as effective rate (% of value), not dollar amount.

    Data sources

    • Interest rate defaults from loan-type metadata (useLoanType / fallback) on variant pages.
    • Property tax rate defaults from state data when on state variant pages.

    Known limitations

    • State variant pages do not yet pull live FRED rates (uses loan-type typical rate).
    • Does not model FHA MIP tiers separately (uses 0.5% PMI simplification).

    Files touched

    • src/components/calculators/AffordabilityCalculator.tsx
    • src/lib/affordability-calculator-math.ts
    • app/affordability-calculator/page.tsx
    • src/pages_old/LoanTypeAffordabilityCalculatorPage.tsx

    Fixed in Phase 1.1b (2026-06-13)

    Replaced forward MortgageCalculator with reverse AffordabilityCalculator so page copy and calculator logic both use the 28/36 rule. Commit pending review.